ESL 91
SPRING, 2004
FOCUS DISCIPLINE ESSAYS:
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE COLLABORATION

Letter to Dr. Singer or Dr. Wigley
Entela
Anna
Jacinta
Quratulain
Byeungsoo
Raquel
Marie
Life in the Year 2050
Quratulain 2
Raquel 2
Entela 2
Anna 2
Zuleyha
Odriste
Byeungsoo 2
Jacinta 2
Oleksiy

Letter to Dr. Singer or Dr. Wigley

Essay Topic: Write a letter to the person with whom you most disagree in which you present your argument against his/her position on global warming. Be sure to use persuasive evidence to support your position. This persuasive evidence should consist of references to and quotes from texts written by those who support your opinion. Begin your letter with “Dear ______:”

Entela Kokoshi
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Dr. Fred Singer:

First, I am going to start writing this letter to you by introducing myself. I am a student at Kingsborough Community College and I am taking ESL 91 class .Our assignment was to do research about global warming .We, as a class did so much research about problems that we are facing today on global warming. During my research I read Dr. Wigley’s debate and your debate. Even though you are a professional person in the study of environment, I totally disagree with your statements about to climate change. Dr. Singer, if we do not worry about the environment today, tomorrow is going to be too late. If we all believe in your opinions about global warming imagine how the world is going to look in the next couple of years.

In the interview you say “climate change is a natural phenomenon .Climate keeps changing all the time and is not a threat to peoples’ life, because in the past human beings have adapted to all climate change”. But Dr. Singer can you image how we human beings will have to adapt in the future to climate change. You say “climate changes” but do you know the reason why? It is not a natural fact and that is for sure. According to my research from “NASA” the Swedish chemist, Svante Archenivs states “The prediction of climate change due to human activities, which they have increase the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Much of human effect which tends to increase global warming come from energy, electricity, and fuel consumed.” He says that during industrial revolution the amount of CO2 (dioxide carbon) into the atmosphere were increasing and this amount will continue to increase due to human activities. According to Svante, if CO2 doubled in the atmosphere earth would become several degrees warmer. If this happens the ice on the ice cap is going to melt and the sea levels are going to rise and we all are in a big trouble .We live in a city near the ocean and if this happens all the surface of the city is going to be destroyed and the life here would end for all of us, and the same thing is going to happen to all cities near the ocean. Dr. Singer you should know that all the increase of the greenhouse gases are due to human activities and not a due to a natural phenomenon. People today use a lot of technologies which are harmful for the environment .According to my research from “Sierra Club” cars, sport –utility vehicles and other light trucks emit 20 percent of the nation’s CO2 pollution. It is good for America‘s environment, economy, health, and climate to use energy more efficiently, to develop clean alternative sources of electricity, and to use more efficient methods of transportation. This will make our countries cleaner and healthier.

You also say that if the ocean warms, and the sea level will rise and counterbalancing this is the fact that the warmer the ocean, the more ice will accumulate on ice cap. According to “SIERRA CLUB” the sea level has risen 4 to 10 inches in the past century, and continued warming may mean an additional rise of two feet or more and the flooding of huge portions of low-lying states, such as Louisiana and Florida. Other research from “Greenhouse time line” says “ the alliance of small island states –many of whom fear they will disappear beneath the waves as sea levels rise- adopt a demand for 20 percent cuts in emission by the year 2005. This will cap sea level rise at 20 centimeters.” Dr .Singer they don’t say that we will have more ice on ice cap if it the ocean get warmer and the level rise, but is going to destroy parts of small island states if this happens .

You also say “High levels of CO2 should not concern us. The economy will rise and the agriculture will become more productive, the price of the food will be much cheaper and the plants will grow faster”. I don’t think these really work. As we know CO2 is a heat-trapping pollution.CO2 acts like a blanket in the atmosphere. As a result, the planet is getting warmer. This heat –trapping pollution is threatening the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs most of the dangerous ultra-violet radiation reaching the earth from the sun. The increase of ultraviolet radiation is harmful to human beings because it can cause skin cancer and eye diseases. It is also harmful to crops, plants, and trees from which we get food that supports our life. Dr. Singer, this can cause less food and high prices.

In addition, you say that Aerosols cool environment. Although Aerosols may cool the environment, they are greenhouse gases and part of air pollution which we breathe every second and this can cause many diseases on our life.

Dr. Singer according to “NRDC”, global warming is one of the toughest environmental challenges, threatening the health of people, wildlife and economies around the world. We have to start fixing the problem as soon as possible .Decisions we make today will affect the planet for years to come. If we start working on global warming today we can have our planet without any problems tomorrow.

At the end I want to thank you for taking your time to read my letter .I hope that these facts will change your mind and you can start thinking  seriously  about the global warming.

Sincerely,

Entela Kokoshi.

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Anna Shapiro
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

            Dear Dr. Singer,

I am writing this letter to you because my position on Global Warming is quiet opposite to yours. I read your interview about climate change and I would like to explain my opinion to you.

In the beginning of your interview you talked about what climate change is and why is it changing. I do not think it is so natural, because I believe that people make these changes happen. My opinion is based on and supported by Dr. Wigley’s point ofview, because I think his position is more truthful. According to his words “signal-to-noise problem”, we can see that the nature is telling us something because we alreadycan tell how climate is changing from year to year.

Atmosphere is a perfect “science”, where everything stays in balance. We are only small creatures on this planet and Earth is only one planet in the Solar system. In your interview you say that climate changes happen very rarely. Even though it is true it could be a problem for all of us. This means that life could no longer exist, if everything would go off the balance in the atmosphere.

In your words: “People like warmer climates and this is perfect beach weather” I see some twinkle of irresponsibility; no offense to you, of course. We have to be responsible for what we are doing to our planet because this is our home. I don’t think anybody would do any harm to their own house. People always try to make it safe to live in. The same thing applies to our planet; it is our big house. If there is a possibility of decreasing our bad influence on the nature, we have to take it. I could only imagine what would happen if the climate changed dramatically. Yes, it would be warmer everywhere, like you said in your interview, but we don’t need the climate to warm every place on Earth. Our planet is in good condition, so far, because we have cold and warm places. If Antarctic ice caps, or even Greenland ice sheet melted, half of the planet would be under water. New York would be totally under water because sea levels would rise by many meters. There would be no life at all.

The perfect evidence of human’s bad influence on the climate and weather change is the“ urban heat island effect” – it can be seen in Dr. Wigley’s interview. This way we can detect that in a big cities the temperature is higher than in a countryside. People in the cities use vehicles, heating and many other kinds of industrial activities that release heat.The concrete of roads, buildings and parking lots absorbs more heat from the sun’s rays and then gives all this heat off to the atmosphere. That causes an additional heating in these areas.

I understand, that we cannot come back to a life where we had no technology at all, and everything was in connection with nature. But we can try not to spoil the atmosphere with chemicals that we constantly use. It’s a big issue that scientists have talked about for decades already. It means there is a possibility of a problem appearing. All chemicals that we use, especially the CFCs, go up in the atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer. And this, surely, is not natural effect. The ozone layer is a cover for our planet and we have to keep this cover safe, not damage it. Cancer rates are already high enough and we don’t need more radiation from the sun. Also, burning fossil fuels leads to releasing of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This appears more in the places where we have industrial activity. So, if we add all that up together, we can see that people are helping to change the climate on Earth.

Another evidence of people’s ability to make the situation worse is the story of Erin Brockovich, the woman who fought against the big power plant and won the battle.This company was dumping a very dangerous chemical (chrome 6) into the ponds in small town in California. They had been doing that for four decades and this woman helped to uncover the company’s actions. Chrome 6 has been known as a cancer-causing chemical since 1920s and it is especially dangerous to the lungs. Since many of the residents were reporting respiratory problems, a link to chrome 6 contamination seemed possible.  People were getting sick from the water they used and many of them died.This is a particular example of a crime that many of big companies commit.

We must think about this problem seriously, not just in the matter of warm or cold weather. Otherwise we will not be able to save our home. Climate change is going to affect everybody. People are going to suffer. When sea level rises people are going to move from the coastal areas to the center of the country.  Life is going to change on our planet. Good thing we have more than ten or twenty years ahead of us. We still have time to think about effective methods that can help us to solve this problem.


Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

Anna Shapiro

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Jacinta Asillo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear:  Dr. S. Fred Singer:

In ESL 91 class with professor Kasper, my group and I have discussed and read your interview in the article “What’s up the weather”.  In the article you said that global warming is a natural phenomenon; as a result human beings can not affect global warming.     Although you are an atmospheric physicist and you studied and analyzed the environmental issues, I personally disagree with you.   I believe that the scientist Tom M. L. Wigley is correct about the cause of the global warming problem.  He says that global warming is human influences.  He presents in the article clear pictures of the reality of the greenhouse effect, and how we are facing carbon dioxide emissions and other chemicals. 

We could also see what is now actually happening and what’s happened in the past.  We have seen climate changes frequently.  For example, comparing the winter of 2002 and Winter 2003, in 2002, I felt that there was no winter because the temperature was about 70 degrees and sometime more and there was no snow.   This Winter 2003 was very cold and we had a lot of snow in New York.  Dr. Singer, don’t you see that even small climate changes make people vulnerable? Consequently, children and adults are affected. They get sick very often with the flu, pneumonia and other kinds of diseases from drastic changes of climate.  Furthermore, we have also seen droughts, famines; all those are caused by greenhouse effect.

According to the text.  “The Greenhouse effect” By Dr. Loretta Kasper, the sun rays are emitted to the earth surface.  These rays warm the ground.   And they are sent back into space.  Consequently, carbon dioxide and other gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone in  the atmosphere form a blanket above the earth.  This blanket works like a glass in a greenhouse.  It also lets the heat go through, but does not let all heat go out.  This warming effect is the principle behind the ideas of global warming.

 Dr. Singer, in your interview you were asked about the situation in China and India.  These two countries rely very much on coal and you were also asked what you estimated about emission of carbon dioxide in thirty and fifty years in such countries. Your answer was “I’m not a prophet and I do not try to predict what carbon dioxide will be in the future”, and then you admitted that China and India will keep increasing the carbon dioxide emissions from 2010 through 2020. It is not important for you what the country does, how many people live there, and how much electricity they are consuming if those use coal or fossil fuels.  Your question was, “Why should we be concerned about it?”  Is the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere any sort of danger to us?”  I believe that it is dangerous because carbon dioxide is exceeding rapidly and it contaminates the air.  We should be concerned about it.   Not just about one country, but also about other countries because the pollution travels from state to state and country to country. Finally we are all affected.

Dr. Singer,   in this world not everything happens naturally;   there are human actions which also cause global warming. So, I ask you not to be a skeptic in the issues of the dangerous of global warming.  If we keep ignoring the greenhouse effect, the consequences could be a big problem.  The world wide temperature could rise destroying our world and living things.  To begin with polar ice caps are melting. When ice caps start to melt, it can cause sea level rise and floods.   As a result of this, we could lose houses, businesses, and farms and there would be starvation.  People would die.

I think it is time to act to prevent or lower the global warming.  According to the article “Global Warming” by Albert Gore, it is important to take immediate steps to take care of our planet Earth.  Albert Gore addressed the nation saying it was our responsibility to do it.   He also acknowledged that we must pay special attention to all problems that we, as human beings, are causing in the atmosphere.  With our thoughtless behavior we are poisoning the places like parks and the streets where people live.  We are drinking from contaminated water and inhaling dirty air.  Dr. Singer, I totally agree with Albert Gore about his encouragement and proposal to clean the environment.  He invited us to join, and together we can cross the boundaries of possible solution and reach new hope, not just for us, but also for the future of our children.   Mr. Gore thinks that we must find out the way of solving  the global warming problem, and to do this we need patience  even though  sometimes are unable to listen and respect our relationship with God’s creation, which is the planet Earth.

Dr. Singer, I’m concluding this letter saying to you, join us to find a solution to reduce the pollution. As you read my letter I hope you realize and see the situation of our planet.  I also hope you change your thoughts about the climate changes as a natural phenomenon, and your belief that human beings are not able to affect global warming.

Sincerely Yours,

Jacinta Asillo

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Quratulain Khawaja
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Dr. Singer:

I am an ESL 91 student at Kingborough Community College and Professor Loretta Kasper is teaching this class.  We have discussed with her in class about the causes of global warming and how the concentration of greenhouse gases warms up our planet.  I am writing to you in response to your article “What’s up with the weather?”  According to your point of view on global warming you said, “global warming could be danger for our world, we should not worry about it” I totally disagree with your opinion because you have ignored the effects of global warming in life.  Global warming is causing problems in our planet so we have to worry about it. In fact, humans are the ones causing these problems.  The earth needs our help to give us a better life so we need to keep it safe. 

I want to encourage you to see the reality of global warming from the points of view of Rachel Carson and Al Gore.  They believe that humans are going to destroy the earth if we do not do anything about the problems of global warming.  I also agree with their point of view because they are concerned about the necessary balance between earth’s natural resources and environmental problems. Carson says that the environment is a very important thing. We should appreciate nature.  We should do something to stop global warming so it doesn’t stay with our nature later on.  Al Gore in “Earth in Balance” says “global warming is a real problem and the time is to act now” he states that government needs to take steps everywhere in the world to reverse the rise of global warming. In the text “The future of the sea” by Jacques Cousteau he explains that the ocean is very important to human life.  We need to protect oceans to live a better life.  The waste product such as plastic and oil that is thrown in the ocean is causing water pollution.  The pollution kills fish and plankton, which led to the food chain collapsing so it is very important to keep our oceans clean and safe. Jacques is also concerned about environmental problems and believes if we do not do anything about it now we will have problems later on.  He also says “if the ocean would rise by 100 feet or more from melting ice caps it can bring flood to almost world’s major cities.  From this flood people will get diseases on scale which will be impossible to imagine”. On the other hand you Dr. Singer believe that humans are not causing the problems of global warming.  

In the article “What’s up with the Weather?” you said, “The higher level of carbon dioxide shouldn’t concern us; they make plants grow faster.  They will make agriculture become more productive and obviously, not only lower costs but also reduce more food.” I disagree with your point of view because Carbon dioxide is also part of pollution, which is threatening the ozone layer.  The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation, and the increased radiation is not just harmful for humans but also for plants and animals.  It    also damage crops.  The result of this is less food and higher prices. 

It is very important that we take care of global warming now because in this world there are a lot of chemicals that can harm the atmosphere.  These chemicals can kill humans, animals, plants and other creatures living on the earth. If we keep on producing the emissions of greenhouse gases, the earth’s temperature will increase rapidly; due to this humans and other creatures will not be able to survive.

Humans are the ones polluting this planet and in order to save our home we need to stop doing these things.  I hope you will agree with my opinion and do something about global warming for the safety of upcoming generations.

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Byeungsoo Koo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Dr. Fred S. Singer:

I have been studying and researching on global warming during the class at KCC. While I am doing the research on the web, I saw you interview. I think there is something that I do not agree with your point of view on global warming. It is about mountain glaciers and climate change.

According to your interview, “if the ocean warms, the water will expand and sea level will rise. Mountain glaciers will tend to melt and add water to rivers, and rivers will add the water to the ocean and that will produce a rise. But counterbalancing this is the fact that more water will evaporate from the ocean because it’s now warmer.” It sounds very true, but if the global warming progressed very fast, then what do you think would happen to mountain glaciers, eventually to the earth. These days melting ice is not caused by nature like when it happened between 1900 and 1940. Human being who uses fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal to live causes global warming. It is obvious that the more we use these fossil fuels, the higher the temperature there would be on earth. If we use more fossil fuels, that will make the earth warmer and makes mountain glaciers melt faster. I want you to think about the cities we live in. Many of important, big cities like NY, Sydney and Tokyo are located near coast. If mountain glaciers melted very fast by global warming, the sea level would rise up and the big cities would sink below the sea level. Then we have no place to live. It is not hard to imagine that everything would be destroyed by water. In order for those worst things not to happen we should take any means not to make the earth warm.

In the interview you also mentioned “the atmosphere is not a laboratory that you can put into a building and control. The atmosphere is much more complicated. The warming will be much less than the current models predict and that change won’t make any difference to people. We get climate changes by 100 degrees Fahrenheit so what difference does a 1 degree change make over 100 years?”

I think it will make little harm to human being or living things on earth if climate changes only 1 degree over 100 years. However, if we, human being, made 3 to 5 degrees in climate change only in one decade by emitting harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide to the atmospheres, that would make big difference to all living things on earth.  According to the EPA since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. Scientist generally believe that fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks and human activities such as heating home and business and power factories are the main reason for increasing carbon dioxide.  The more we use natural gases, the more emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide would increase, accelerating the rate of climate change. Scientists also expect that the average global surface temperature could rise 1.6-6.3degree Fahrenheit by 2100. Intense rainstorms are likely to become frequent and sea level is likely to rise two feet. If these things actually happen, we might be resort to escape the land now where we are and have to find somewhere else to live.

I do agree with your thought that we’re not going to go back to living without energy. However if we do not take any action from now, within 50 years we might not exist in this land any more by pollution, by not getting any food available and by unknown disease caused by pollution.

I would like to thank you for sparing your precious time reading my letter.

Sincerely,

Byeungsoo Koo

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Raquel Crespo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Dr. S. Fred Singer:

I am writing this letter to you because I disagree with your opinion on global warming in your interview. I know that you think that global warming could not be a danger to out planet. However, I believe that it is a big problem for the earth because the humans and animals would die. The earth needs our help to be a better environment for our children and for children in the future.

Dr. S. Fred Singer with all due respect the consequences of the ozone depletion are very serious. The ozone layer absorbs most of the dangerous ultraviolet radiation. If the radiation got through, it would cause skin cancer and eye diseases called cataracts. There is an estimate that one percent of depletion of the ozone layer would result in an extra 70,000 cases of skin cancer every year would wide. That are very harmful to human beings, and all life on earth. It damages crops, plants and trees.

You say that if the ocean warms the sea level will rise. And counter balancing this is the fact that the warmer the ocean the more ice will accumulate on the ice cap. If this is true how about the NASA studies which show between 1978 and 2000 1.2 million square kilometers. Apparently permanent ice melted away. That is an area five times the size of Britain that represents a loss of 9 per decade. According to NASA ice physicist Josefino Comiso " At this rate permanent ice will have disappeared before the end the century" This means sea levels will have rise 88cm by the year 2100, causing floods in low-lying areas.

According to "The Greenhouse Effect" by Loretta F. Kasper, the warming of the earth is caused by sun's rays penetrating the atmosphere. Pollution cause the heat to become trapped at the surface, increasing the temperature and causing green house effect. when we use the very harmful materials such as the fuels, electrics to produce our living conditions. we actually didn't know that these things could make carbon dioxide and gases such as methane, oxide, halocarbons, ozone trap some of the heat. So the heat gets stuck in the blanket and doesn't let the warming rays go through affect the earth's climate.

In your interview you also make a statement that if we look carefully at other human activities we will see that people can produce things to cool the environment, For example you speak about the production of the aerosols. While aerosols may cool the environment. We know the aerosols are very bad for the environment and they are also part of air pollution which we breathe. This leads to increased lung and respiratory disease.

There's still hope we can try to save the ozone layer. For example, aerosol sprays can be replaced by pump-action sprays, Which do not cause damage to  the environment. Also the CFC's in refrigerators can be recycled.

Thank you Dr. Fred. S. Singer for your attention and time to read this letter about my thoughts about global warming. Hopefully this will change your mind on global warming. I hope we can find more data to find out how we can help save the earth from global warming and save out children in the future.

Yours Truly,

Raquel Crespo  

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Marie Michelle Catule
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Dr. S. Fred Singer,

Dr. Singer it is a pleasure for me to take this opportunity to write you this letter about global warming. I have read the interview that you made on global warming in the website “What’s Up with the Weather”. The interview was very interesting, but I don’t agree with some parts of your discussion. According to your point of view you said that “climate keeps changing all the time”. This is true but the earth cannot take care of itself because it needs help to make us have a better life. It is also our job to control the earth.

Global warming is breaking down the world’s temperature and is caused by having to much carbon dioxide around the earth. Global warming is not good because it affects humans and other kinds of living things on the earth. The greenhouse effect will increase the earth’s temperature if global warming destroys the climate all around the world. According to the website, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/debate/singer.html, first, you said, “If the ocean warms, the water will expand and sea level will rise”. Second, you said, “Mountains glaciers will tend to melt and therefore, add water to rivers and rivers will add the water to the ocean, and that also will produce a rise”. Let’s pretend that all of these things happen to see how people will suffer on the earth.

The whole world could be destroyed by being covered by water. There would be no more places for us to live because our homes would be sinking under water. Animals would not have any places to live and they would not have any food to feed themselves because the plants will not be able to grow anymore food and the animals could die. People would not be able to survive because they would not have enough to eat and they would not be able to drink water because the water would not be clean. For that reason, if human beings did not get the nutrition that their body needs to stay healthy then they would die.

According to Al Gore’s point of view in “Meeting the Challenge of Global Warming”, he explained how we humans need to find a solution for global warming. He mentions that the government needs to spend more necessary funds in order to combat these problems and come up with a result. The best way to stop global warming is by limiting the air pollution from factories, electricity, plants, and cars. His concerns were about the environment and the earth’s protection. Because of global warming our lives could be destroyed.

Suzanne Mattei is an Environmental Lawyer who talks about how global warming affected scientists in the year 1979. She explained that global warming makes scientists feel sad and they gather together to find a solution for that situation. She mentions that global warming was affecting the sea level by rising it up with the storm. According to Mattei’s point of view she explained that, in 1991 the weather was changed in New York because the summer and winter were warm. At that time no one was able to use water until December because global warming made the water taste like salt. In 1999 scientists started to study bacteria and viruses. Global climate can affected by killing fish. Global warming caused carbon dioxide gases to higher and higher.

As a result, we know that if we don’t take good care of the earth, then the plants, animals, and people would die because of the chemicals that would destroy the atmosphere of the earth. In order to save our planet we have to start protecting it now.

Dr. Singer thank you for your patience reading my letter and I really appreciate it.

Marie Michelle Catule

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Life in the Year 2050

Essay Topic: Imagine that it is the year 2050. Although governments and their citizens were warned about the dangers of the greenhouse effect as early as the 1970's, they did not take the necessary steps to prevent it from worsening. As a result, global warming and ozone depletion continued unchecked. In a well-organized essay, describe what life would be like in the year 2050 under these conditions. What would be the state of the climate? What would the nations of the world look like? What would be the day-to-day living conditions of the people of the World?

Quratulain Khawaja
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

            Currently it’s the year 2050 the world has changed so much because of the greenhouse effect on the atmosphere.  The government did not do enough in the last 80 years to prevent global warming and all the disasters with it.  We are now suffering due to the climate change, extremely hot weather and air pollution.  It has changed our landscapes and the way we were used to living.  We are trying to find ways to survive this disaster. 

The greenhouse effect has caused a major change in landscaping.  Our oxygen level has changed and due to a lack of oxygen people are having breathing problems.  Animals are also suffering because plants are dying and animals are losing their food resources.  Not only animals and plants, but also humans are also suffering from the lack of food.  Humans don’t have any other way of producing food due to the lack of water and poor climate; therefore this poor nutrition’s is also causing humans to die.

 The polar ice caps are melting from the North and South Pole and due to this people are moving to the center of the country and leaving the coastal areas.  People are renting more houses in the country and the demand of the coastal areas, like New York City, are under water.  The flood didn’t only evacuate and kill many people; it has also caused the spread of many diseases, germs and infections.  The country is shrinking and the population is getting less, but the areas we can actually still live in are over-crowded and uncomfortable.

Since there is no balance in the atmosphere and the ecosystem has changed, every living thing ages faster and life expectancy has become lower. People are losing vitamins; proteins and their bones are getting weaker due to the poor nutrition. We are having stomach problems because the water that we are drinking is not clean.  Humans are also having depression because they are worried with what’s happening in our environment.  We are using nutrition pills because we have lost our food resources. 

Pollution is a major problem in the greenhouse effect.  The smoke and fumes from automobile pipes are creating problems and we humans breathing this air are suffering from lungs cancer.  Due to the environmental changes and pollution the ozone layer has been destroyed. The ozone layer is to protect the earth from dangerous ultraviolet radiations. Since there is a hole in ozone layer and the atmosphere has become warm we are having higher rates of skin cancer and many more changes in our skin colors.  The result of pollution is making the weather hot and people are wearing light clothing. Men and women are wearing the same style clothing.  Nowadays people are not more concerned about clothing, but they are concerned about the climate change. Due to the pollution we have lost our four seasons. We can now only suffer from the hot weather. 

We can’t reverse this greenhouse effect, but we can slow it down and save the little protection we have left from the ozone layer.  We need to slow down the greenhouse effect because it has made our environment disastrous.  We need to make new laws to protect our environment such as recycling, using a limited number of cars,  lowering emissions of factories and not producing more pollution and papers for junk mail. We need to slow down and take the time to consider whether it is good or harmful for the earth and us. All the bad consequences we have are really a good lesson for us. We really have to think about how we can save our planet from the greenhouse effect and go back to normal. The worst consequences of the greenhouse effect have lead to human destruction, food destruction, and also to the animal destruction. We are facing these problems because in the 1970's the government did not take any action. Even now it's not too late. The government has to do something to make it better so we can live our life as we want.

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Raquel Crespo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

It all started in 2004 when an earthquake hit the earth, Everything was flooded. New York city disappeared; all human life was drowing. I was in my apartment and the closet tipped over and hit me on the head. I fell into a coma for 46 years.

I woke up in a hospital alone looking at everything. I felt alone; no one was here with me. I jumped to my feet and got my clothes on and left the hospital.

The day was dark and hot. From a distance I saw a woman, She was very thin and short. I asked her what year is it and she said it's the winter of 2050. I said winter! But it is not even cold. She said yea its been like this for awhile already. As I was thinking I remembered that in my english class my professor Loretta f. Kasper had a lesson on the greenhouse effect. In the year 2004. She had talked about how the chemicals are choroflurocarbons. The CFC are used in aerosol can, and refrigerators. That it releases into the atmosphere these chlorine containing chemicals to rise up to the ozone layer. She also said when it reaches the ozone layer the ultraviolet radiation from the sun strikes it and releases the chlorine from it. Then the chlorine will destroy the ozone over and over again. She also said that the layers absorbs the dangerous ultraviolet radiation If more of this radiation goes through, It would be an increase of skin cancer. She made it very clearly that it's not only harmful to humans, but also to all life on earth. The ultraviolet radiation damages crops, plants, and trees.

So now i walk through the streets and I pass through the bridge. As I was passing the ocean water I saw that it is full of dead fish floating around. The ocean water is so thick with blood and scum caused by the fish. I remember how I read a story about the future of the sea by Jacques Cousteau. It  exactly described the way the ocean is now. Wow I'm really here with all these problems in this year 2050, This can't be! All human life is going to disappear.

I keep walking, I have no idea where Iam going, but then i see a pathmark. Where in the year 2004 there was a lot of food to chose from now there is mostly nothing to eat. All food supplies are gone, What are going eat? People can't buy every thing they want to eat. How are they going to feed their family? how are we going to survive? Did the ozone layer really destroy the world? These are the questions I am thinking of, if only we had listened to the environment people and taken care our planet, There's no use of it now. We had the chance and never took it.

As I keep walking a can hit me and got me in coma again. Then i woke up and said yes!! it was a dream. Wow thank God it was a dream. Now i realize how we need to take care of our earth because this is our home. If we don't take care of it, It could end up like my dream.

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Entela Kokoshi
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

It is morning. The sun just woke up and is ready to work, to give us a warmer day .I am still in my bed. My eyes are half closed. I jumped of the bed and I went to the window. Everything outside the window looks different. The weather is really hot, the nature looks very dry, and the city looks dirty. Day after day our life is being changed. It is the year 2050 .This is not what everybody had planned for the future, what the world had hopes for and our children their dreams on. This is a real chaos in which we can’t get out. It is an unremarkable situation and we as people can’t do anything to get by it or even change what now seems a dead end without hope. If you ask people on the street why this world is getting worse every day, they are going to shake their heads and say “We do not know why”

I opened the window but I wasn’t so happy to stay there and smell the dirty dust of this city. But I really wanted to stay there and suffer like our nature suffers. It suffers from the decisions that we didn’t make years ago. From my window I see most parts of my city .Looking ahead I see the park that misses the people. Years ago that park was full of children, women, and men talking and playing .They enjoyed their life. Now everything looks dead. The grass has disappeared from the park and most of the trees are cut off because they were dried from the heat. The heat was caused by the increase of the greenhouse gasses (CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs).These gases trap the heat coming from the sun and they keep the atmosphere warm .If these gases go out of balance they destroy the ozone layer .As a result the temperature gets warmer.  

Many years years ago, back in my 20’s I studied in Kingsborough community college and I remember I took a class in which we talked about the global warming .How worse the global warming is going to get in the future. I got really scared at that time. Before I took that class I didn’t know what the global warming was. Media didn’t even care about these problems. Even if they gave some news on TV, that news didn’t really affect people’s minds. Scientists argued about global warming back in 1970 but nobody cared what was going to happen to the world. Scientists asked the government to do something about these problems. According to “Common dreams.org” Senator John McCain said back in the year 2004 “I don’t have any plan” .Look these places right now. The decision that they made at that time affected our life today.

>The ocean is the prettiest view from my house. I see the waves playing with each other, coming and going. The ocean level has been raised .These was caused by the temperature. Some of the ice on the polar ice caps has melted and has caused the rise of the ocean level. The ocean destroyed some of the houses near to it. Years ago nearby my city, there was a beautiful island .It was called Manhattan .It was full of people, huge buildings, and lot of cars. I used to go there so many times in my past but now every thing is gone; it is been destroyed. The flooding caused that island to disappear. Thousands of people were killed because they were not able to be evacuated in time. The flooding was caused by the increase of the greenhouse gases .The increasing of these gases comes from factories, transportation, and energy that we used and use every day. If the government replaced these with more efficient technologies we wouldn’t have lost most parts of the world. Back in those years we enjoyed that beach and the water of that ocean; now the island is “enjoying” that water and is swimming as well too. Isn’t that a terrible thing?

A siren took my attention .It was an ambulance .Every 10 minutes they drive through the streets .A lot of people are getting sick and sicker every day. Hundreds of people die and the causes of that are UV (ultraviolet radiations). The atmosphere contains the ozone layer, which protects us from the sun. The chemicals like oil, gas, and coal produce CO2, which destroyed the ozone layers. As a result a lot of people are dying from skin cancer, heart disease and eye disease.

People in these years are so skinny and tired. This is caused by lack of food. Back in the years the supermarkets were full of food but now some of those supermarkets are destroyed, and some have so little food that no one can keep the body in a good health. The agriculture is almost down .There are no more gardens, no more trees, and no more fruits. They are all dried out. Now we don’t have good food with vitamins, and we don’t have clean air to breathe. This caused to a lot of people lung disease. The Senate Agriculture Subcommittee held a hearing in the year 2004 on how farming practices, such as no-till farming, could reduce carbon emissions. During the hearing, several Senators from agricultural states that global warming needed to be addressed but nobody cared about those words.

Plants and trees are natural regulators of the atmosphere .They help keep things in balance. People’s activity destroyed the forests and they upset the balance and actually resulted in increasing amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere. The tropical forests in the United States have died off as the temperature has rise .In the Great Smoky Mountains, 15% of the tree population has been reduced. People are destroying whatever is left of the earth‘s plants especially to build houses. If people don’t stop destroying the tropical forests, the earth will not have enough oxygen for creatures on this planet and all the few survivors will die. The animals that live in the forest have disappeared .Some of them died because there was not food and they didn’t have any place to live. One – fourth of the known species of mammals are threatened, and the half of these may be gone within a decade. Possibly one-third of all species may be lost before the end of the next century.

I am so tired looking at the nature outside .I am so tired suffering from these conditions of life; I am so tired seeing people suffer from a lot of diseases. God give us strength to start fighting these things. I closed my window and turned my back to everything outside, thinking and praying for our life in this planet, for the future of our children.

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Anna Shapiro
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Message in a bottle. 

This is sometime after the year 2050. It is a beautiful day in a small village near the Colorado Mountains. It is a village where all fishermen and their families live. It is almost a coastal area now because the ocean line has moved toward the mountains to the center of the country. A Little boy and his father are going fishing. When they got to the coast and started to settle for the fishing, little boy saw something in the water. He thought it was some sea creature and called his father. The waves pushed this “creature” down to their feet. A few moments after, they realized it was something else….

It was a bottle containing a piece of paper, a message for people. This letter was from the year 2050. It was written by an old lady and she was asking people to save the planet. The letter was saying: “Dear people, in the year 2050 the world looks like it needs help. I am living in this world right now and I am passing this message down to you.

I remember 46 years ago, when I was a student we were very concerned about our home, our country and our environment. We did some research on Global Warming and our planet’s future was not so promising. Things were going in a very negative way. Scientists had been talking about the environmental issues for decades, but that did not help much because all major steps and decisions were up to the Government. Scientists are still talking about big changes that are going to happen in the world. They still are trying to warn people about what would happen to the world if we do not do anything about it. It has happened a lot already. People, actually, have started thinking very carefully about our planet.

I used to live in New York, that big and beautiful city. People use to call it “The Capital of the World”. It now is under the water because it used to be the coastal area. I live now in the mountains; people left all coastal areas and moved to the center of the country. It all happened because we made it happen. Sea level rose by a few meters and we lost New York. Big storms are now our unwelcome guests. Climate has changed a lot since I was young. It is now much hotter and people wear light clothes. We don’t have any more winter time and snow. There is no balance in the atmosphere at all. The Pattern of the four seasons is completely erased.

I remember movies that were made specifically to let people know about the environmental problems. That was the movie “Erin Brockovich” and “Day After Tomorrow”. Also, I remember a few poems that came to us from the 16th century. Poets were very concerned about the nature and changes in technology.

Technology went far away in now days compare to the 16th century. We have many fewer factories right now because size of the country has decreased and we have less needs and less population. One progress has been made in the cars: gasoline fuel has been replaced by electronic fuel. So, we don’t have car emissions any more. But we still pollute the air with other pollutants.

Storms destroy our crops and people suffer from lack of food very often. That leads us to lack of nutrients, because people’s diet is very poor in some areas. Diseases are very common and life expectancy has been decreased. People have to carry portable oxygen machines around because the air that we breathe contains less oxygen than before. People are still cutting down the trees because everybody likes Christmas, it is still our favorite holiday.

Life has changed and society has also. People’s lifestyle has changed a lot. Those, who use to live in the big cities, like New York, now live in the rural areas near the mountains. We now have to plant food by ourselves, a lot of people have no idea how to do it, but they are learning. Some of them like it.

The Geography of the world has changed also. We now don’t have small islands any more and the shape of some countries has changed. Ships have been replaced by submarines. Some people live on submarines; they find it more exotic.

As I said, life is very different now from what I remember. I don’t know how your life looks because my bottle could have traveled many years. But I wish everything was in livable condition. May be you can make things that we could not. I only want the best for our planet and I really wish that you, people, do love your big home and never let anything bad happen to it.

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Zuleyha Gul
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Dear Leyla,

I am very glad that you are not living through this disaster. Even though, I was  very sad when you passed away on August 17, 1999 in the earthquake in Turkey. I am now happy that you are not with us. The world is not what it used to be. Remember how we thought about the global warming and we just laughed and thought it could never happen but it did.

It all started after 2010 with a huge earthquake. It was very intense. After that earthquake, air pollution became severe. We had trouble breathing. This problem was caused by all of us but the earthquake was just a spark. We didn’t care about recycling and we kept on destroying our environment. We cut up trees to make papers but we wasted these papers for our own good. We ripped these papers up so we could play withº paper balls. We wasted our oxygen source.

The polar ice cap stared melting but no one did anything about it. No steps were taken to prevent it. And now we can’t live a normal life. We all have to move to the center of the country. We can’t stay in the rural areas, because the melting of the polar ice cap has taken up much of the land. We are left with so little to live on.

There is no balance in the atmosphere. One day it’s 100ºF while on another day it is 5ºF and we don’t know what to wear. One day we go out with a sweater and on another day we wear bathing suits. When the weather is hot, we are scared to go out. The government decided to close the manufacturing companies because of the pollution to the environment. Many of us have lost our jobs and don’t have a lot of money. Now we have to make our own clothes by hand. We are all wearing the same style of clothing. So many of us are exposed to ultra violet rays that most of us have skin cancer. I am one of the lucky one who hasn’t been exposed to skin cancer yet. I will get it soon too. When we are hot, we can not go swimming. The water is so polluted that one can see bugs, roaches and rats in the water. It is a nasty sight.

The landscape has changed a lot. The plants are dying due to many reasons. One reason is the balance of the atmosphere. Since one day it is hot and another day it is cold, some plants cannot survive. Most of the plants are dying. The death of these plants is resulting in the death of most of the herbivores. Since these animals are dying humans are losing their sources of protein.

We humans aren’t able to function like we used to. Most humans have brain damage, since we aren’t able to obtain all our nutrients. Scientists are making vitamin pills, and we have one pill for each nutrient that we lack and that we are unable to obtain. Since we are not able to get our nutrients from resources, we have been experiencing loss of senses. Recently, a friend of mine has lost her sight.

There is a huge demand for water but this can’t be met. The water is much polluted. Water is like wine to us and we are only able to drink once in a while. If someone is able to drink pure water once in a while, they are lucky. The life expectancy is lower. Every day, there is at least one death in New York City. To prevent deaths, many people are building houses under ground. They want to stay away from the sun. The keep cool in the house. These houses are expensive because it takes a long time to build, and the construction workers don’t like to be under the sun for a long period of time.

Recently, there has been mutation in the genes of people. The new born babies are fit to survive in the present world. They have the thicker and darker skin. They might survive this disaster but humanity will never be the same. Some babies are born with two noses. One nose is used to breathe in and the second one is used to exhale. This is because the air is polluted. Also, babies are born with more hair to save them from skin cancer since the ozone layer is destroyed.

In conclusion, all of these events could have been prevented. If we had paid attention to the world around us, we could have changed our own lives. If we had been educated about recycling, we would have saved the world. The ozone layer could have existed today. All I can say is we got what we deserved.

Zuleyha

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Odriste Luxama
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

The Year 2050

          Many scientists believe that we have enough knowledge to predict things in the future. They believe that if certain things continue to fall into bad condition at a steady pace, the year 2050 the world will face a great catastrophe that may affect life on earth. And that will be the result of the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect influences global warming and ozone depletion. It causes a terrible situation for human lives and the situation will continue in the future.

The greenhouse effect is very important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants and animals. The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water, dioxide carbon, nitrous oxide and methane, for example) transport energy from the sun. Without these gases, life as we know it would not exist on earth. This global warming can cause significant global climate changes.

Ultraviolet radiation is the major problem for people’s lives in the world. For humans, it can cause people to have skin cancer and eyes diseases. For marine life, it can cause them to die. For nature, it causes global warming. According to the U.S. satellite Nimbus-7 quickly confirmed the result” CFCs destroy the ozone hole that form over   Antarctica each October has spread around the world. The ozone hole can be as big as 1.5 times larger then the United States.”(Www.solcomhouse.com/ozonehhole.com).

       Human society is highly dependent on the Earth ‘s climate. Climate patterns and human adaptations determine the availability of food, fresh water and other resources for sustaining life. The year 2050 is a catastrophe for everybody. There are several factors their can explain this catastrophe. Economically it affects people because factories or industries cannot produce cause air pollution. In this case people have to work more to make money and the economy goes down. Physically, people feel depressed, tired and angry. That’s very catastrophic for people living this year. Another problem that may be caused by the greenhouse effect is the depletion of the ozone layer. We know that the ozone layer is important in protecting the earth against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. If we continue to be careless about the year 2050 there will be more skin cancer, cataracts and eye diseases. According to the article” The greenhouse Effect” in the book “ Interdisciplinary English”, 1% depletion of the ozone layer may result in an extra 70.000 cases of skin cancer every year. These numbers may give an idea clear of what the problem would be 

According to the same article in the book, Increased ultraviolet radiation is harmful to all life on   earth. Our food depends on plants. Everything we eat comes from plants. The animals we eat feed on plants. We need plants to live because that helps in the oxygen cycle take in the carbon dioxide that we exhale and give off oxygen. If we are taken measures to prevent the depletion of the ozone layer, in the year 2050, we will not only see more people with eye diseases and skin cancer, but the ecosystem of the earth will be destroyed and it will be very difficult to have life on earth.

The food chain in the sea would be affected also. The article “ Greenhouse Effect” also talks about plankton as the basis of the food chain in the sea. Plankton consists of tiny plants and animals and is eaten by larger marine creatures. If the plankton were killed as a result of increased levels of ultraviolet radiation, the fish would starve, the seas would die, and a major source of human food would be lost.

It is not only reasonable to expect people to behave with respect for the environment. But getting people to make needed changes in their lifestyle is not so easy. To illustrate: most people agree that automobiles contribute to global warming. Hence, an individual may want to cut back on driving. But doing so may not be so easy.  As Wolfgang Sachs from the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, and energy recently pointed out, “ All the places that play a role in daily life (workplace, kindergarten, school or shopping center) lie so far apart that you cannot manage without a car… whether I personally want a car has nothing to do with it. Most folks simply have no choice.”

  Senator Clinton at a press conference yesterday on the importance of protection from increased pollutants. It ‘s “really a matter of life and death’, said Mrs. Clinton, who was joined by environment experts. While cars and other local pollution sources contribute to News York’s smog problem, pollution from out of state sources is also a problem, she said.

     According to the American Lung Association’s State of the Air report for 2004, 17 of 25 counties in New York received an F rating for ozone levels. Those translate to 80% of the people living in those counties breathing unacceptable amounts of ozone.

Since many view this problem as manmade, cannot man solve the problem? A number of communities have already enacted laws to limit pollution emissions from cars and factories. Pollution is a global problem, so the solution would have to be global. Many scientists fear that the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have prevented additional thermal radiation from leaving the earth. In essence, these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earth’s atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.

            The greenhouse effect and air pollution are destroying the atmosphere cap and the ozone. Ultraviolet radiation of the sun will rise up over the earth planet with more power. The trend on ozone pollution has been going the wrong way for the last few years. For precautionary measures, people should stay informed about their county’s ozone levels and adjust their plans accordingly, which may include restricting outdoor play. I believe that real environmental change depends on us. We can’t wait for our leaders. We have to focus on what our own responsibilities are and how we can make the change happen.

            Life in 2050 could be very hard for all inhabitants of this planet because the warm temperatures will increase which will be more difficult for all to live with. The climate would be changed; the temperature will be higher, the rivers contaminated with air pollution and toxic gases. The deforestation will lead to less oxygen in the air. Also if the oceans are covered with pollution it will stop raining because water will not evaporate, so plants and fish will die of these things happen, these would be no life, on the earth.

Since neither governments nor individuals can solve the problems of the global warming, who can? From ancient times, people have looked to the heavens for help in controlling the weather. As naïve as such efforts were they do reveal a basic truth. Clearly, the threat of global warming must be taken more seriously.

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Byeungsoo Koo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

We, human beings, have got this beautiful nature of the world from our ancestors for hundreds of millions of years, and it is our duty and responsibility to give this wonderful nature to our descendants. However, these days we are using and utilizing natural products from the land, the ocean, and the air so much that we continue to destroy everything from the nature for our convenience. Now in 2050 we are seriously faced with big problems such as global warming and ozone depletion

Since the industrial revolution of the 19th century, we have developed a lot of technologies to save our lives, to survive the changes in climate, and to adapt our lives into new environment. Our new, high technologies make it possible to cure the diseases such as AIDS, diabetes and heart attacks that were thought to be incurable by using highly developed medicines. That is a great progress that our highly sophisticated civilization has developed. However, those human technologies caused more serious problems to the entire ecosystem. 

Global warming makes the temperature of the earth warm by emitting carbon dioxide and gases such as methane, nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Even though we have been warned about global warming since 1970’s, we haven’t taken any necessary, proper actions not to worsen the warming on the atmosphere. As a result, the nature which we are supposed to hand down to our descendants in a beautiful condition is getting damaged worse and worse. The temperature at the atmosphere, for example, is now so high that much of ice caps on both south and north poles are melted. That melting has caused a terrible tragedy to human beings, animals, and plants. We have been losing many of our beautiful ocean cities like NY, San Francisco, and are forced to live near mountain areas to escape further flood. The ocean used to cover 3/4 of the earth, but now more than 4/5 is covered by the ocean. We are also getting less and less land to live in. That is why we now have a great shortage of food, caused by floods, loss of agricultural land. We can’t even count how many people died by the floods, shortage of food, and diseases caused by climate changes. Think about the land that we used to have, our neighborhood, beautiful summer beaches where we went every summer to swim, and the green lawn that we used to play in. Now everything is gone under water. What a terrible life we live in because of global warming! 

Another dangerous, disastrous problem we face is ozone depletion caused by releasing dangerous chemicals into the air. The earth used to have an umbrella of gas to protect it from the dangerous radiation that the sun produces. The ozone layer is supposed to absorb most of dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun. But the release of chemicals like CFCs into the air has made a hole in the ozone layer and a large amount of dangerous ultraviolet reaches the earth. The ozone depletion has been increasing the skin cancer and eye diseases. We have had more and more people who suffer from skin cancer that is impossible to cure with our technology we have, and we have lost so many friends, relatives to the skin cancer. The ozone depletion also caused a big problem to the world’s food supply. The temperature is now so high that the desert is expanding, forests are getting smaller, and it is hard to breath, especially in summer. In fact, we don’t seem to have any snowy winter after the nations fiercely competed to take economic control all over the world economically and to have more convenience for us.  

We always wanted a better future, a better life to live as we imagined possible at the turn of the century, but now we just live in very hot weather, packed smaller area. This is not the future we always imagined. We should’ve taken any proper actions not to make global warming happen. Most people think that it is too late to go back to 50 years ago when it was possible to live in combination with human beings and nature. However, I think it is still possible for the environment we live in to get better by reducing air pollution, by gradually stopping using dangerous chemical gases. I just hope that our future children can live without thinking about pollution. 

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Jacinta Asillo
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

Global Warming in 2050

            In the year 2050, the global warming will become a serious problem. The winds will blow 100 miles per hour.  The temperature will increase enormously. We are all going to drink pollute water. People will easily get different kinds of diseases, such as diarrhea and malaria causing deshegratation and malnutrition. Global warming will affect the entire world.  The mountains and their forest will disappear because it will be covered with water.  The animals, such as birds, monkeys, snakes will disappear because they lost their place where they use to habitat. There would not be food for them, not even water to drink, due to global warming.

            Yet, the government and the Environmental agencies halted and ignored the global warming issue years ago. Government and their people thought only about war in Iraq They are spending millions of dollars in that war.  Instead they should spend that money to stop the global warming problem before we get in the year 2050.

            In the year 2050, global warming will increase more than I could have imagined. According to the text "The greenhouse effect” by Dr. Loretta Kasper, the green house effect will be felt in worldwide. The temperature would rise at 2 to 6 (4 to 11 F) over the next 100 years.  The world’s climates would rise, and the polar ice caps would be melting little by little. This means that the increase of global warming temperature could cause the greenhouse effect. It would begin to melt the polar ice caps.  When the polar caps melt, the sea level will rise up.   Most of the cities which are built on the coast would be destroyed by flooding water.

            We all know that the ozone is most important for human life. In the past and today ozone layer were depleted because of human activities, like people using chemical thing, such as chlorofluorocarbons, aerosol cans, refrigerators, and air-conditioned system which contain CFC. These are emitted into the atmosphere.  It rises up to the ozone layer. When the CFC's reach the ozone then ultraviolet radiation from the sun strike it. These dangerous and harmful chemicals keep rising the temperature. Including greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide increased result in the depletion of ozone layer.  As a consequence, people in the whole world will suffer from skin cancer, eyes disease and cataracts, caused by ultraviolet radiation.

            We know the temperature of the planet is going to be worse. In the 2050 people will try to protect themselves by using sunglasses and a cream for sunburn but these will not work because the temperature will reach 200 degrees.  People will not have air-conditioning Companies of the manufactures will stop making electrical equipment. In the cities we are going to use candles, if we find any.  If not cities would be dark without light.

            There will be no rain; the whole world is going to face drought, famine, and starvation. If there is little water left, it will be polluted. Polluted water and lack of food will cause people to die. They will get stomach aches and diarrhea caused dehydration. Farmers can not grow crops. There will no food supplies because the global warming will destroy their farms. Plant and vegetables grow with rain. No rain and no water so, no food also.

            In the future sea temperature will rise. The water in the ocean will become hot by global warming. Animals in the ocean such as fish crabs, whales, dolphins will die because of hot water and lack of food. Sea plants which are plankton, algae give oxygen to living creature will also die. So, animals in the sea will die because their foods will disappear.

            We are going to see tragedy   in the year 2050, which we have never seen in the past years. We should prepare for it. We should not let global warming increase. We should reduce using the chemical things that lead to ozone depletion.  The government is still not doing anything.  We should help to stop increase the global warming by writing a letter that they must awake, to do something for the greenhouse effect problem. We should do something. If not we are all going to die in the year 2050.

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Oleksiy Vasylyev
ESL 91
Spring, 2004

                                                The Letter from the past.

                                                        May 4 2050

            Dear reader if you can read this letter it means you found my letter in the locker of Grand Central. Its mean everything gets back to normal, ocean level get back and you living in the dutiful city of all times. My name is Vasylyev Oleksiy. I put this letter in the locker in June 22, 2063. It’s been my last diving in NYC area.

            Today in the morning from the news I found out that what was last Australian island is under the water. Last couple months the level of water surface starts to grow again. In the news they also said what is going to the end. They mean what is “global warming” is going too finished soon. Right now we have a high temperature in day time is 176 degrees and at night is 152 degrees. I have gotten used to this temperature; other people too. I am still living in NYS area but in the old and high area that was called Catskill Mountains. In the area people lived on the ground in high buildings, some other people lived on the water in boats or something similar. This is the only place still above ground left in the NYS area.

            In 2014 when people actually started to do something about ozone layer and pollution? In time then people started to understand what it can cause; they had been late at least for 60 years. In the end of 20 century and in the beginning of 21 century a lot of science professors like doctor Wigley and doctors started talking about these problems. Doctor Wigley and people from environmental system called Sierra club. They started to talk to the people about pollution problems and global warming. In 2004 the U. S. department of environmental science did research on percent of pollution in each state of U.S. They started to show small commercials with celebrities about clean air and recycling. After these commercials some realized how much worse it can be and people started talking about what we have to do and what has going to happen to us.

            In 2005 people started thinking that the greenhouse effect was very important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants and animals. The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water, dioxide carbon, nitrous oxide and methane, for example) transport energy from the sun. Without these gases, life as we know it would not exist on earth. This global warming can cause significant global climate changes. People understand that the pollution is a major problem in the greenhouse effect. The smoke and fumes from automobile pipes are creating problems and we humans breathing this air are suffering from lung cancer.

But the polar ice caps melted a long time before people realized the major world problem. The Polar ice started melting from the North and South Pole and due to this people moved to the center of the country and left the coastal areas. The coastal areas, like New York City, are under water. The flood didn’t only evacuate and kill a lot of people.

Dear reader in conclusion, all of these events could have been prevented. If we had paid attention to the world around us, we could have changed our own lives. The future people on the mother earth after you have read my letter please respect the nature living around you. The earth is only the place where people start the long journey of life and where you are going to be live forever. Do not make it any worse than it is now.

P.S. Sincerely yours Vasylyev Oleksiy

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